Relevant Bibliography
 
Adams, D.C., R.E. Short, and B.W. Knapp. 1991. Body condition and supplement effects on performance and behavior of grazing beef cows. p. 17. SRM Abstracts.

Bowers, E.J. A.C. Hammond, C.C. Chase, Jr., and T.A. Olson. 1995. Effect of breed on indicators of heat tolerance and grazing activity in lactating Angus and Brahman cows in Florida. J. Anim. Sci. 73(Suppl. 1): 131.

Brosh, A., Y. Aharoni, A.A. Degen, D. Wright, and B. Young. 1998. Estimation of energy expenditure from heart rate measurements in cattle maintained under different conditions. J. Anim. Sci. (In Press)

Corbett, J.L., D. J. Farrell, R.A. Leng, G.L. McClymont, and B.A. Young. 1971. Determination of energy expenditure of penned and grazing sheep from estimation of carbon dioxide entry rate. Br. J. Nutr. 26:277.

Dauncey, M.J. and W.P. T. James. 1979. Assessment of the heart-rate method for determining energy expenditure in man, using a whole-body calorimeter. Br. J. Nutr. 42:1-13.

Gutman, M., and N. Seligman. 1979. Grazing management of herbaceous Mediterranean foothill range in the Upper Jordan River Valley and its effect on cattle and vegetation. J. Range Manage. 32: 86-92.

Hammond, A.C., and T.A. Olson. 1994. Rectal temperature and grazing time in selected beef cattle breeds under tropical summer conditions in subtropical Florida. Trop. Agric. (Trinidad) 71:128-134.

Kalkwarf, H.J., J.D. Hasas, A.Z. Belki, R.C. Roach, and D. A. Roe. 1989. Accuracy of heart-rate monitoring and activity diaries for estimating energy expenditure. Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 49:37-43.

Kunkle, W.E., R.S. Sand, and D.O. Rae. 1994. Effect of body condition on productivity in beef cattle. p.167-178. In: M.J. Fields and R.S. Sand (eds.). Factors Affecting Calf Crop. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

National Research Council (NRC). 1981. Effect of environment on nutrient requirements of domestic animals. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

Renecker, L.A., and R. J. Hudson. 1985. Telemetered heart rate as an index of energy expenditure in moose (Alces alces). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 82A:161-165.

Richards, J.I., and P.R. Lawrence. 1984. The estimation of energy expenditure from heart rate measurements in working oxen and buffalo. J. Agric. Sci. 102:711-717.

Schoeller, D.A., and E. Van Santen. 1982. Measurement of energy expenditure in humans by double labeled water method. J. App. Physiol. 53:955.

Smith, M.F., L.D. Shipp, W.N.Songster, J.N. Wiltbank, and L.H. Carroll. 1980. Effect of monensin, energy level, and cow body condition on pregnancy rate in nonlactating beef cows. Theriogenology 14:91.

Stobbs, T.H. 1970. Automatic measurement of grazing time by dairy cows on tropical grass and legume pastures. Trop. Grassl. 4:237-244.

Webster, A.J.F. 1967. Continuous measurement of heart rate as an indicator of the energy expenditure of sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 21:769-785.

Whitman, R.W. 1975. Weight change, body condition and beef-cow reproduction. Ph.D. Dissertation. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.

Wilham, R.L. 1973. Beef breeding program. Beef Cattle Sci. Handbook 10:194.

Wiltbank, J.N. 1983. Maintenance of a high level of reproductive performance in the beef cow herd. Vet. Clin. N. Amer: Large Anim. Prac. 5:41.

Wiltbank, J.N. 1994. Challenges for improving calf crop. p.1-22. In: M.J. Fields and R.S. Sand (eds.). Factors Affecting Calf Crop. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

Wiltbank, J.N., W.W. Rowden, J.E. Ingalls, K.E. Gregory, and R.M. Koch. 1962. Effect of energy level on reproductive phenomena of mature Hereford cows. J. Anim. Sci. 21:219.

Yamamoto, S. 1989. Estimation of heat production from heart rate measurement of free living farm animals. Jpn Agric. Res. Q. 23: 134-143.

Yamamoto, S., J.A. McLean, and A.J. Downie. 1979. Estimation of heat production from heart rate measurements in cattle. Br. J. Nutr. 42:507-513.

Young, B.A., and J.L. Corbett. 1972. Maintenance energy requirement of grazing sheep in relation to herbage availability. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 23:57-76.

Young, B.A, and M.E.D. Webser. 1963. A technique for estimation of energy expenditure in sheep. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 14:867.